Originally Posted by HPMotors1

Yep, that is indeed what it says about the fuel pump. But remember that the filter has FOUR outlets/inlets. Primary is in from pump and out to engine. Secondary are another return to tank and the joker is the outlet from the fuel filter/regulator valve itself - which also connects back o the tank - This is the small port labeled "can". If this valve sticks open it can bleed off pressure to the tank.

I would agree the primary check valve is in the pump.

All that said - no one has identified the metal can in my first photo. What the heck is that thing?

To quit beating a dead horse, I've bitten the proverbial bullet and ordered a Bosch pump from German Auto Parts in Charlotte NC. They are good folks I have dealt with in the past. Their store price is $145. Of course I shouldn't brag on them until I see if this does solve the base problem. Got the Bosch part number from onehundred80's reply - thanks! Still no clue as to why pump would fritz out when filter was changed.
I cannot see any wires going to it or it could be a shut off valve.

One Plus side of the XFire is that the external pump design makes it much easier to change. of course I also think this is what caused all of my problems - whoever heard of a filter with four lines? Internal tank pumps are simultaneously simpler and more expensive