I can't imagine how the computer can apply the brakes, there's no mechanism for it in the system. The anti-lock brakes work by relieving pressure from any wheel that is sliding. Probably what you felt as the computer applying the brakes was the car down shifting (I presume this is an automatic which may be the source of the problem).
As a place to start I would first of all disconnect the battery and short the battery cables together with the lights on. This should reset the computer and hopefully clear the codes. Then I would remove fuses #17 and 18 to disable the traction control. Then take if for a test drive.