It happens all the time, "...starter won't engage, I have a 'no crank, no start'; I think my starter is bad...". But starter failures are rare.
Thing is, in the almost 14 years I've been on here, only a few times was the starter at fault, so we tell people "your starter is not bad".
But wait! Starter failures are happening more often. So, we need a quick and easy way to determine IF the starter really IS bad.

I tore into my car (again) today and did some tests and snapped some pictures and I think the attached document I wrote can help.

DAVE onhundred80: I put this in your master thread.